福辛普利对原发性高血压患者心率变异性的影响 |
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表1 原发性高血压组应用福辛普利前后与正常对照组心率变异性的比较 (略) 植物神经功能紊乱和交感神经活性增加在原发性高血压的发病机制中具有重要意义 [4,5] 。交感神经对维持和调节正常血压起决定作用,降低交感神经兴奋性的药物能有效降低血压 [6] 。Singh等 [7] 对119例男性和125例女性患者随访4年后发病的高血压患者,对与高血压有关的因素进行多因素分析,发现低频与高血压的发生密切相关,心率变异性降低是发生高血压的危险因素,在高血压的早期甚至还没有发生高血压时就可能已经存在,可能参与了原发性高血压发病的始动机制。正常人静脉推注肾上腺素后随着血压的明显增高,R-R间期的变化明显,而原发性高血压患者应用肾上腺素后随着血压的增高,R-R间期的变化不明显 [8,9] 。应用扩血管药物后,随着血压的降低,正常人心率明显加快,而原发性高血压患者心率加快不明显 [10] 。说明自主神经功能受损在原发性高血压发病机制中占重要地位。 2 中华心血管病杂志编委会心率变异对策专题组.心率变异性检测临床应用的建议.中华心血管病杂志,1998,26:252-255. 3 Frank JI,Ropper Ah,Zuniga G.Acute intracranial lesions and respirato-ry sinus arrhythmia.Arch Neurol,1992,49:1200-1203. 4 Cohn JN.Abnormalities of peripheral sympathetic nervous system control in congestive heart failure.Circulation,1990,82(supl):59-67. 5 Guzzetti S,Dassi S,Pecis M,et al.Altered pattern of circadian neural control of heart period in mild hypertention.J Hypertens,1991,9:831-838. 6 Goldstein DS.Plasma catecholamines and essential hypertension:An analytical review.Hypertension,1983,5:86-89. 7 Singh JP,Larson MG,Tsuji H,et al.Reduced Heart rate variability and new-onset hypertension:insights into pathogenesis of hypertension.Hy-pertension,1998,32:293-297. 8 Bristow JD,Honour AJ,Pickering GW,et al.Diminished baroreflex sen-sitivity in high blood pressure.Circulation,1969,39:48-54. 9 Gribbin B,Pickering TG,Sleight P,et al.Effect of age and high blood pressure on baroreflex sentivity in man.Cirs Res,1971,29:424-431.10Mancia G,Ferrari A,Gregorini L,et al.Blood pressure variability in man:its relation to age,high blood pressure and baroreflex sensitivity.Clin Sci,1980,59:401s-403s. 【关键词】 福辛普利 【摘要】 目的 探讨福辛普利对原发性高血压患者心率变异性的影响。 方法 对130例健康查体者行24h动态心电图作为正常对照组,比较256例原发性高血压患者服福辛普利前后做24h动态心电图,分析心率功率谱时域和频域指标。 结果 原发性高血压患者低频和总频显著增加,低频与高频比值增大,高频减少。时域相邻正常R-R间期标准差(SDNN)和R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN)明显下降,与正常对照组比较均差异有显著性。原发性高血压患者的昼夜变化差异也较正常对照组显著下降。经福辛普利治疗后,除有效降压外,患者的SDNN、SDANN和高频增加,总频、低频、低频与高频比值减小,与对照组和治疗前比较差异均有显著性,其昼夜变化规律亦显著部分恢复。 结论 福辛普利在降压的同时,可改善原发性高血压患者的心率变异性。 Effects of fosenopril on heart rate variability of essential hypertensive patients 【Abstract】 Objective To study the effect of fosenopril on heart rate variability of essential hypertensive pa-tients.Methods The heart rate power spectral density and time-domain was analyzed in130healthy subjects and in256patients with hypertension before and after using the fosenopril with24hour electrocardiographic recordings.Re-sults The low frequency and total frequency and ratio between low frequency and high frequency of hypertensive pa-tients were significantly higher than that of control,the high frequency and standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals(SDNN)and standard deviation of the mean of RR intervals for each5min period of the24hour electrocar-diographic recordings(SDANN)were significantly lower than that of control.The degree of day-night change de-creased significantly.After treatment of fosenopril,in addition to lowing the blood pressure,the SDNN,SDANN and high frequency of hypertensive patients were significantly increased.The low frequency and total frequency and ratio between low frequency and high frequency of hypertensive patients were significantly decreased.The degree of day-night change was partly restored.Conclusion When fosenopril lowers blood pressure,it can improve significantly the heart rate variability of essential hypertensive patients. 1 资料与方法 1.2 方法 心率功率谱分析采用美国Grand Pacific公司HOLTER4.0系统行24h动态心电图,记录MV1、MV5及改良MaVF导联,对24h窦性心率进行心率变异分析 [1~3] 。时域为相邻正常R-R间期标准差(SDNN),R-R间期平均值的标准差(SDANN),R-R间期标准差的平均值,相邻正常R-R间期差值的标准差,相邻正常R-R间期差值大于50ms的窦性心律占心搏总数的百分比。频域分析用快速傅立叶转换方法,心率谱功率单位ms 2 。总频谱为<0.40Hz,极低频为0.003~0.04Hz,低频为0.04~0.15Hz,高频为0.15~0.40Hz。HRV分析的时间段包括24h HRV,白昼为8Am~8Pm,夜晚为8Pm~8Am。 1.3 统计学处理 数据用均数±标准差(ˉx±s)表示,两个样本均数比较用t检验,P<0.05为差异有显著性。 原发性高血压组用药前后与正常对照组心率变异性的比较,见表1。原发性高血压组用药前和用药后SDNN、SDANN、高频和总频、低频、低频/高频比值分别显著低于和高于正常对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。以上指标在原发性高血压组用药前后亦呈显著性变化(P<0.05)。原发性高血压组用药前昼夜变化规律程度显著减少,见表2。原发性高血压患者经福辛普利治疗后心率变异损害均有改善和血压有效下降。原发性高血压患者收缩压/舒张压由171±15/105±13mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa)降至138±11/92±12mmHg(P<0.05)。其昼夜变化规律程度亦显著增加,见表2。正常对照组及原发性高血压组间其年龄、性别、心率、R-R间期标准差的平均值、相邻正常R-R间期差值的标准差、相邻正常R-R间期差值大于50ms的窦性心律占心搏总数的百分比、及低频差异均无显著性。
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